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How to Act in an Emergency
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Advance preparation and correct behavior are the difference between a local fire and a catastrophe.
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Table of contents
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The Danger
Contact between flammable material, heat and oxygen produces fire. Without control, a fire quickly develops into a large blaze. Fires are dangerous to the human organism directly – by damage from fire and heat – and indirectly, by the side effects of fires (asphyxiation caused by smoke inhalation or injury from collapsed structures weakened by heat).
A fire can be an emergency event in itself, or as a result of another event (such as an earthquake, hazardous materials dispersal etc.)
Preparations in advance
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Maintain order and cleanliness – this will prevent spread of fire and facilitate its containment
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Remove heat sources (stoves, heaters, lamps etc.) from combustible objects (furniture, drapes etc.)
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Avoid plugging multiple appliances in a single electrical outlet
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Plan in advance escape routes in the event of fire. Keep the routes clear of obstacles and combustible materials
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Prepare in advance means of extinguishing fires. It is recommended to keep a fire extinguisher at home (such as a 3 kg. powder extinguisher), as well as a water hose ready for immediate use in case of need. Keep the equipment near the exit and learn how to use it in advance.
How to identify an event?
A fire will appear as flames, erupting by themselves or on near objects. Fire in another room or in a concealed place can for the most part be identified by sudden heat and a smell of burning.
How to behave during an event
In the event of a fire, act calmly, exercise judgment and according to an assessment of the situation. First of all, call the Firefighting and Rescue Services (dial 102).
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Call firefighters as soon as possible (dial 102 from any telephone)
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Try to extinguish the fire as soon as it is discovered, using the means at your disposal (fire extinguisher, water hose, bucket, wet cloth or any other appropriate means)
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Beware! Do not spray water on electrical appliances and systems
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Remove from the area of the fire any objects and materials which can contribute to its spread
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In case the fire spreads out of your control, leave the place, close the doors behind you and inform the neighbors that they should evacuate the building and stay away from the fire. It is recommended to close the doors leading to the outside, but without locking them
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In case you are trapped in your apartment and the smoke outside is too thick, preventing your leaving – close yourself in the room, block all the gaps around the door and close all the windows (the object of these actions is to prevent smoke infiltration from within the building, as well as from the outside)
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Check the windows leading outside; if one of them is not covered by smoke rising from below, open that window to let in fresh air (do not open windows if they can let in smoke)
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Try to inform others of your whereabouts, as soon as possible.
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